What Are the Different Types of Structural Steel Beams and Their Uses?

Introduction

Structural steel beams play a crucial role in modern construction, providing the strength, reliability and flexibility needed for everything from domestic extensions to large commercial developments. Understanding the different types of beams and their applications can help builders, architects and homeowners make informed decisions when planning a project.

In this guide, we explain the most common steel beam types used in the UK and what each one is designed for.

UC Beams and Their Uses

Universal Columns, often referred to as UCs, are known for their almost square proportions and exceptional load bearing strength. They are ideal for vertical support where a high load is concentrated in a relatively compact space.

Common Uses

• Supporting columns in buildings
• Load bearing points in commercial structures
• Frames requiring high compression strength
  

UB Beams and Their Uses

Universal Beams, also known as RSJs or I beams, are the most widely used structural beams in UK construction. Their flanges and shape make them perfect for spanning distances while supporting heavy loads.

Common Uses

• Extensions and knock throughs
• Roof support
• Floor joists and spanning beams
• Steel frames in commercial buildings
  

Parallel Flange Channels

Often called C channels, these beams provide strength while keeping weight lower than other beam types. They are extremely useful in secondary structural applications.

Common Uses

• Lintels
• Framing for lighter structures
• Supporting floor systems
• Edge beams
  

Angles and T Sections

Angles and T sections are often used for bracing and reinforcing. Their shape makes them ideal for connecting and stiffening parts of a structure.

Common Uses

• Bracing steel frames
• Reinforcement in domestic and commercial builds
• Edge protection
• Light structural support
  

Why Choosing the Right Beam Matters

Selecting the correct type of steel beam is essential for safety, efficiency and compliance. Using the wrong section can lead to unnecessary costs or, worse, structural failure.

At MAK Structures, all beams are processed and fabricated in house to exact specifications, ensuring accuracy and full compliance with UKCA marking up to Execution Class 3.

How MAK Structures Can Help

Whether you need a single beam for a home renovation or a full steel package for a commercial build, we provide complete processing and fabrication services including:

• Shot blasting
• Cutting
• Drilling
• Welding
• Assembly
• Painting

All work is completed at our 20,000 square foot facility in Wakefield.